Breaking the Law on Canadian University Campuses

"I am writing to remind you of the University of Toronto's commitment to free expression and lawful and peaceful protest, as well as the necessary limits that accompany those freedoms."

"[Students are allowed to] engage in peaceful assemblies and demonstrations [however anti-Israel protests such as tent encampments do not fall under the protections scope of university policy]."

"Any student involved in unauthorized activities or conduct that contravenes University policies or the law may be subject to consequences."

 Sandy Welsh, vice-provost, students, University of Toronto

 

"We understand that some in our community want to protest the violence and war they see unfolding. These actions must always be taken with respect for others and within the boundaries of university policy and the law."

"We also remind everyone that hate and intolerance have no place at UBC. The university must be a place of reasoned debate where conflicting views can peacefully coexist."

Matthew Ramsey, acting senior director, media relations, University of British Columbia 

"[McGill has seen video evidence of] some people using unequivocally antisemitic language and intimidating behaviour, which is absolutely unacceptable on our campuses."

"We condemn this in the strongest possible terms and will act quickly to investigate."

"The number of individuals who have set up tents on campus has tripled since Saturday. We have become aware that many of them, if not the majority, are not members of the McGill community. [While we support] the rights of our campus community to freedom of expression and freedom of peaceful assembly [we do so] with the understanding that these must be exercised within the bounds of McGill's policies as well as the law."

"We have been clear that these encampments violate both."

Fabrice Labeau, deputy provost, student life and learning, McGill University

By Monday morning, the group of people gathered on McGill campus had grown. (Christinne Muschi/The Canadian Press)

"[While welcome to protest, student] encampments and occupations will not be tolerated."

"We have forcefully and repeatedly affirmed that no incitement to violence or incidents of harassment or hate, including Islamophobia and Antisemitism, will be tolerated on our campuses."

Eric Bercier, associate vice-president of student affairs, University of Ottawa

University administrators have suddenly become aware that their august institutions have become hotbeds of antisemitism, even though that ancient curse on the Jews has been manifesting its presence for months, in the wake of the October 7 atrocities committed by Palestinian terrorist groups in Israel and the predictable Israel Defense Forces response by invading Gaza for the purpose of annihilating the Hamas government's terrorist infrastructure and eliminating its terrorist operatives. Even before October 7, for years antisemitism on Canadian campuses have slithered out of the woodworks, a reflection of Canadian universities' courting of foreign students and the influx of immigration from North Africa and the Middle East.

Some of the current responses from the universities in the face of swelling, blatant and vicious antisemitic intimidation of Jewish students, along with the condemnations of Israel and its response to the October 7 bloodbath perpetrated on Israeli citizens have been carefully worded with the intention of both decrying the illegal acts of protest occupation yet causing as little community offense as possible. It is telling that concerns of offending the new and burgeoning Muslim-Canadian population sees university administrators following the example of prime minister Justin Trudeau who cannot condemn antisemitism without including 'Islamophobia'.

Now, finally, after months of viral and sometimes violent university protests, Canadian universities are paying attention to the stress and fear these protests engender among Jews and Jewish university students, in the face of protest occupations of university campuses. The University of Toronto has issued a warning that protest tents on campus would be considered "trespassing"; that while the school supports freedom of expression, assembly and protest, occupations of student buildings and encampments would not be permitted.

The trouble with these warnings finally being issued, is that they've come too late. Previous assemblies complete with violent language, intimidation and disorder were permitted to occur, unremarked upon, with each succeeding iteration being more irrational, threatening and chaotic than the last. The result of which has been a growing sense of entitlement by 'pro-Palestinian', 'anti-Israel' agitators, many of whom have finally been recognized as not emanating from the student bodies of  the universities themselves, but outside organizers.

The protesters insist it is their right under the Canadian constitution to behave in a way that disrupts normal life of the university and most certainly the lives of Jewish students whom the protests tend to target for criminal harassment. Lawyers acting on their behalf have informed school administrators that the protesters refuse to disperse and dispense with their agitation until all their demands have been met by the university; condemnation of Israel, and de-investing in any ventures in which Israel would be involved, as well as outlawing interchange with Israeli academics. Their lawyers have informed school administrators that the students "have instead [of removing their tents], indicated that they intended to remain on campus indefinitely".

A man reads a sign of demands posted outside a pro-Palestinian encampment set up on McGill University's campus in Montreal, Tuesday, April 30, 2024. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Christinne Muschi

"[I have been] very preoccupied and concerned about the situation on campus because we've seen what happened in the last couple [of] weeks and days in the United States and Europe."

"I don't want the situation to degenerate, to get out of control."

Quebec Higher Education Minister Pascale Dery

A pro-Palestinian encampment has grown since it began Saturday at Montreal's McGill University, joining a wave of pro-Palestinian demonstrations held on campuses across the United States. (Graham Hughes/The Canadian Press)

Jews in Canada

"Brym [Robert Brym, sociologist,University of Toronto] believes that the Israel-Hamas war plays a part -- surveys elsewhere in the world show that Muslims' negative sentiments toward Jews rise whenever war breaks out."

"But he also points to local factors; of Canada's religious groups, Jews are the highest earners and are the least impoverished, while Muslims earn the least and are impoverished the most."

"Nearly two-thirds of Muslims, but less than one-third of Jews, are immigrants. And on average, Canadian Muslims are much younger than Canadian Jews."

Jamie Sarkonak, journalist, National Post

Anti-Israel protest in Ottawa, April 20, 2024. Photo by Dacey Media

Generally, on the other hand, the vast majority of Muslims have a darkly negative view of Jews, ingrained not only in the culture, but emphasized by hadiths and the Koran, addressing relations with Jews; on the one hand, Islam counts Jews and Christians with a modicum of regard since they are part of the Abrahamic triangle; people of 'the book'. On the other they must be subservient to Islam with the understanding that Islam according to its reckoning, represents God's final presentation to humanity. They are 'kuffar', undeserving of respect for not surrendering their souls to Islam and Allah.

 

Resentment and victimization represent another facet of how Muslims regard Jews; believing all Jews to be wealthy and privileged. The Jewish presence in Canada dates back hundreds of years and while Jews mostly maintained their religious devotion in Judaism, they respect the laws of Canada, consider themselves Canadian, and integrate into the political, justice, and social system, content to be another Canadian. Muslim presence in Canada is of a far more recent vintage. Assimilation into the general culture, adapting the prevailing values, is not favoured by most practising Muslims for whom Sharia, not the law of the land is the final arbiter of justice for them.

 

Muslims typically have large numbers of progeny since Islam promotes childbearing as a moral religious duty, as does Catholicism to a lesser degree and Orthodox Judaism as well. In Canada it can be costly raising a large family, certain to be an economic challenge to many for whom large families is part of their religious devotion. The very fact that there are many more Muslims that are recent immigrants than Jews with lower economic standing, relates to the fact that it takes time to establish a presence in the country, including employment with high remunerative qualities.

Sociologist Robert Brym undertook a study recently, and published the results, looking into Canadian attitudes toward Jews and Israel. Surveys undertaken in early2024 list the most negative attitudes toward Jews spring from the Muslim demographic, alongside Quebecers and non-Jewish university students. The most negative sentiments expressed toward Israel, stem from Muslims and non-Jewish university students, and supporters of the New Democratic Party.

A survey sample of over 300 Muslims indicate unmistakable distrust and negativity toward Jews. Merely five percent of Canadian non-Jews reported their belief that "Jewish people are largely to blame for the negative consequences of globalization", but among Muslims the figure became 48 percent; while 83 percent of non-Jewish Canadians disagreed that Jews have too much power in Canada, 34 percent of Muslims held the same belief.

Unsurprising to a degree then, that Toronto and other Canadian cities have seen frequent well-attended protests proceeding through the streets, aggravating and accusing Canadian Jews of 'genocide' against Palestinians for their support of Israel, shouting 'intifada' in unison, and 'from the river to the sea', common shorthand for the destruction of Israel; Arabic speakers and signs, the Qu'ran in proud prominence and university campuses taken over by the 'pro-Palestinian' protests, targeting Jewish students.

The statement on the survey that "There is no justification for Palestinian suicide bombers targeting Israeli civilians", brought 30 percent disagreement from Muslims in comparison to 11 percent of non-Jewish Canadians. And while 54 percent of Muslims express the belief that Israel is an apartheid state, 34 percent of the general population appears to concur, thanks to ingrained antisemitism and successful propaganda. 60 percent of Muslims equate Zionism with racism, while 38 percent of non-Jewish Canadians concur.

As far as 81 percent of Muslims are concerned, the current war in Gaza represents genocide, a belief shared by 49 percent of non-Jewish Canadians. Logically, bringing in new immigrants, refugees and migrants whose culture and religious devotion dictates their values and inculcates prejudices born of historical events and antipathies, more or less guarantees that this level of blame from a victimhood-prone group against an already-existing group would result. 

Victimhood, resentment, anger and hatred coalesce and become a threat by one to the other, and with the help of a powerful propaganda device of victimhood and occupation led by student groups of Palestinian and Arab origin, the slander of a democratic state that is anything but racist and apartheid finds a ready audience among the demographic of non-Jewish, non-Arab Canadians from various backgrounds, origins and cultures, happy to take up a cause that happens to coincide with their own prejudices.

Canada now hosts some 1.8 million Muslims, half of which immigrated from 2011 forward with increasing frequency and numbers. It is now clear that government authorities had no interest in ensuring that those comprising great numbers of an ethnic, social, cultural, religious background that tended not to accept the culture, social justice system, values of a society they gravitated to, might very well present as a future danger to social cohesion and the general social compact in a democratic society.

All of which has led to spectacles of violent demonstrations against a much smaller demographic of about 350,000 Jewish Canadians who view with dismay and disappointment the inaction of their fellow Canadians, much less Canadian governments at every level, failing to react and act to uphold the law and to protect the Canadian Jewish population threatened by increasingly volatile and violent 'protesters' who no longer bother shielding their support of Palestinian terrorists from public view.

Canadian universities for the past few decades have succumbed to leftist progressive divisiveness, promoting the ideology of 'anti-oppression, teaching that colonialism of which they claim Israel is a prime example, is morally indefensible, that people of European ancestry are born exceptionalists, superior and dominating others of 'colour', under Critical Race Theory. Privilege and intersectional 'oppressor' beliefs are reflective of university campuses in this age.

Published

2024-04-09

"Most Canadian Jews feel unsafe and victimized. They perceive a rise in negative attitudes toward Jews in recent months and years. Most doubt the situation will improve. The main reason they feel this way is that extreme anti-Israel statements and actions have proliferated in recent months. Because support for the existence of a Jewish state in Israel is a central component of their identity, most Jews regard extreme anti-Israel statements and actions as a threat to their existence as Jews."

"Most non-Jewish Canadians do not have negative toward Jews. However, non-Jewish university students, Quebecois, and especially Muslim Canadians tend to have significantly more negative attitudes towards Jews than does the non-Jewish population as a whole."

Abstract: Jews and Israel 2024: A Survey of Canadian Attitudes and Jewish Perceptions : Robert Brym

Waiting For The Next One...

"Public Health Agency of Canada maintains agreements to secure timely access to pandemic influenza vaccines for the entire Canadian population should an influenza pandemic occur."

"[Those agreements are meant to protect against risk of vaccine embargoes, border closures and transportation and shipping delays] as recently witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic."

"As influenza viruses constantly change and cases in livestock increase opportunity for changes leading to mammalian adaptation, continued surveillance and preparedness are critical."

Nicholas Janveau, spokesperson, PHAC

"We are all taught about this [risk of mutations that could potentially allow the virus to successfully jump to humans] in epidemiology school."

"For twenty years now, flu watchers like myself have been warning about avian flu making the leap [to humans]."

"[H5N1 has pandemic potential] but many things have pandemic potential. [Canada should begin producing vaccines now]."

"Better to have it and not need it than to need it and not have it."

Raywat Deonandan, epidemiologist, professor, University of Ottawa

A worker moves crates of eggs at the Sunrise Farms processing plant in Petaluma, Calif., on Thursday, Jan. 11, 2024, which had an outbreak of avian flu earlier this year. Photo by Terry Chea /AP

People are being urged by health experts to refrain from drinking raw, unpasteurized milk, and to make certain that meat is cooked thoroughly. The real potential risk from bird flu they say with some assurance is not from food intake, but the possibility that alterations to the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus stems from the possibility it might make the leap from animals to humans, creating a potential influenza pandemic, since human immunity to the virus is expected to be minimal.

In the event of a pandemic declaration, the Public Health Agency of Canada may begin to assess options to produce pr-pandemic vaccines against H5N1 that could be in place should a pandemic declaration become reality. The risks of H5N1, however, is being actively assessed so that PHAC can switch annual influenza vaccine production from seasonal influenza vaccine to pandemic influenza vaccine. Stockpiles of anti-viral medications are maintained as well, by federal and provincial and territorial governments.

American Health officials have latterly reported outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in some 33 dairy herds, along with poultry and wild birds. Wide-spread reports have emerged of barn cats falling ill and dying. Remnants of the H5N1 bird flu virus in 20 percent of retail milk samples tested in the US. has been discovered, the cause of growing concern that livestock outbreaks are more widespread than thought. Although the virus fragments were not live, posing no risk, their presence suggests that more cows are infected than have been reported. 

 

A situation that increases the risk of mutations with the potential of allowing the virus to leap to humans.

Dr. Deonandan points out that though avian bird flu has been decades in circulation, the leap to humans that might allow widespread human-to-human transmission has not occurred. There have been 26  human cases globally, associated with the strain of H5N1 in circulation, yet human cases primarily resulted from close contact with infected birds or animals. "There is a lot of good news here", he remarked.

Unlike with COVID-19, vaccines, explained Dr. Deonandan, will be available, although they would be in high demand, and antivirals would also be readily available. Even so, the situation would likely be hard on the elderly and children. In the meanwhile, he urged people to take precautions such as rejecting raw milk and cooking food well, along with avoiding dead birds and other wild animals.

Raquel Kolof is a beef cattle farmer who owns Hough Heritage Farms in Gibsons, B.C. No cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza have shown up in Canadian cattle yet, but she's concerned watching outbreaks in the U.S. (Submitted by Raquel Kolof)

"[Human-to-human transmission is unlikely right now without further genetic changes in the virus, but since the viruses constantly evolve, the WHO called on countries to increase their surveillance]."

"As these viruses are constantly evolving and spreading in animal populations, and with an increased risk of exposure for humans, there is a continuous need to reassess the risks as the situation evolves and when more information becomes available."

World Health Organization assessment

Female Medical Practitioners' Special Touch

Getty Images

"Male and female physicians] practise medicine differently, and these differences have a meaningful impact on patients' health outcomes."

"Further research on the underlying mechanisms linking physician gender with patient outcomes, and why the benefit of receiving the treatment from female physicians is larger for female patients, has the potential to improve patient outcomes across the board."

Researcher Yusuke Tsugawa

A new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine reached the conclusion that patients gain a small, yet significant boost to survival should their doctor happen to be female, according to researchers at the University of California Los Angeles. The researchers studied insurance claims data for 485,100 female patients and 318,800 males, determining how many of these patients died or were re-admitted within 30 days of seeing a doctor.

 

"Patients have lower mortality and re-admission rates when treated by female physicians", for both male and female genders, the study found. Their results indicated that while 8.15 percent of female patients died treated by a female doctors, mortality rate when a male doctor was seen turned out to be a "clinically significant" 8.38 percent, a difference that may appear negligible (out of every 1,000 patients) but it meant that two more patients survived who were treated by a female physician.

 

04-24-2024

 

The researchers speculated that the difference could be the result of female doctors being more accomplished in communicating with female patients since female patients who were seen by female doctors also were less likely to be readmitted; 15.23 percent, compared to 16.71 percent. "The benefit of receiving treatments from female physicians is larger for female patients than for male patients"; the difference in death rates, however, remained present for males.

imtm/photostock-adobe

With female physicians in attendance, male patients experienced a 10.15 percent mortality rate in comparison to a male doctor's 10.23 percent mortality rate; one fewer death per 1,000 patients. 

 

According to 2022 figures from the Canadian Institute of Health Information, in Canada, 49.7 percent of family doctors, and 40.2 percent of specialist doctors were female practitioners.

Probing UNRWA's Neutrality

"[There have been] instances of staff publicly expressing political views [and] host countries with problematic content being used in some UNRWA schools."

"[UNRWA itself admits to finding in a review of textbooks] issues of concern to UN values, guidance, or position on the conflict. Even if marginal, these issues constitute a grave violation of neutrality."

"Among the various issues, recurrent ones were the use of historical maps in a non-historical context; e.g., without labelling Israel; naming Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine; naming cities in Israel as Palestinian cities; the use of the word Zionist, [e.g., 'Zionist occupation' referring to Israel]."

"The presence of even a small fraction of problematic content in textbooks, supplemental material and teaching content remains a serious issue. More work needs to be undertaken between UNRWA and the Palestinian Authority to pursue the replacement of problematic content and to avoid the promotion of discrimination and incitement to hatred and violence and the spreading of antisemitic views that contradict UN values and UNESCO standards."

United Nations investigation of UNRWA connections to Hamas

UN Sec/Gen Antonio Guterres speaks on special report presentation April 14, 2024  AP

The United Nations report on its investigation carried out by a specially-appointed review group into the United Nations Relief Works Agency neutrality during the terrorist assault in southern Israel when proof emerged that Israel's long-held suspicions that UNRWA had become an agency-arm of Hamas  by permitting its infrastructure to be abused by terrorists did not definitively find that Israel's accusations were misplaced. Israel had charged that a dozen UNRWA staff members had directly involved themselves in the October 7 terrorist attack, while many others supported the bloodbath,

 

The UN report managed to sidestep the critical issue of direct involvement of UNRWA employees, focusing instead on recommendations to improve the aid organization's neutrality. After the report's release, much of legacy media selected portions of the report to vindicate UNRWA. The headlines that drew public attention were those portions that reprimanded Israel for its decision not to cooperate with the investigation, and to provide evidence of UNRWA staff participation in the massacre in southern Israel. Similar past UN investigations gave Israel ample reason to withhold its participation.

The discovery by Israel of Hamas using UNRWA facilities that included its headquarters and its schools as bases of operations and for military storage centres was proven by their very existence. That alone should be recognized as ample proof, but UNRWA staff have held to their denials of having had any knowledge of such collaboration with Hamas, despite the tunnels that were dug under the facilities where they operated the UN mission. Electric cables running from beneath their building? Rockets stored below school classrooms? No idea...

That discovery that under UNRWA headquarters a massive Hamas data centre existed? How utterly amazing; how did that happen? Somehow, the international media managed to overlook the UN report's wan agreement, though equivocating, that the advisory committee believed oversight and] stronger governance structures [are critical for UNRWA to meet full neutrality protocols, along with support from the international community.

People walk past the damaged Gaza City headquarters of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) on February 15, 2024. (AFP)

 "UNRWA's facilities have sometimes been misused for political or military gains, undermining its neutrality."

"If the prevention of and response to the political misuse of UNRWA installations has been efficient, the agency has had more difficulty appropriately addressing the use of its installations for military purposes."

"Preventive measures, enhanced monitoring, and transparent reporting are necessary to address this issue effectively."

United Nations internal investigation of UNRWA participation in Hamas operations

 

Corrupting the Function of Unions

"I put up my hand, and I said I would like to speak to the fact that what you're wearing is a political statement, and it makes me feel very uncomfortable."

"And then, before I really could get any [more] words out, she mutes me."

Unidentified union member, fearful of repercussions

"Part of Israel's military occupation, apartheid and genocide ...is the erasing of cultural symbols such as the keffiyeh."

"Intimidating and harassing individuals for wearing traditional cultural clothing is a form of racism ... we do not tolerate racism in union meetings."

"Without resistance there is no union. A union is about caring for each other and struggling together for better. When you stand up to injustice I want to be there with you, because together we have the courage to never back down. I hope to serve as your Member At Large. And, let's never forget -- free Palestine!"

"Yes, I believe that Palestinians should be free from occupation, free from living under apartheid, and free from genocide and I will always stand for that. Being a union leader, when you are seeing people being massacred, that is a time when you need to open up your mouth and speak and say that is wrong -- just like I stand with the rights of workers -- I will always stand by the rights of oppressed people."

Canadian Union of Public Employees Toronto chapter union 905 president Katherine Grzejszczak

 

"Our union president speaks of inclusive spaces, but without Jewish perspectives."

"When the person who was supposed to represent us all wears clothing that has roots linked with terrorism, we do not feel safe or represented."

"Her personal views should not represent our union views."

Unidentified Union member, fearful of repercussions

In this screenshot from a video meeting, Katherine Grzejszczak’s laptop can be seen adorned with a large Palestinian flag sticker.

Toronto area CUPE 905 representing 6,000 municipal government and library workers across York Region held a video conference on remote-work policies on April 17. They were greeted with an unusual sight. Union president Katherine Grzejszczak's laptop facing the audience had a large Palestinian flag sticker facing the audience. One member responded by altering their own display picture with an Israeli flag. In the video Grzejszczak is first seen wearing a black T-shirt, then changing to a flowing red keffiyeh.

Upon which when one union member protested the sight of the union president swaddled in the keffiyeh, she responded: "We're not allowed to talk about anything political." The protester responded: "By you putting on that scarf, you're making it political". The response from the union president was to mute the protester. "We're all very afraid of the repercussions", one union member confessed in a journal interview.

Later at a follow-up meeting Grzejszczak brought forward a motion to fund her candidacy for another position with the union. Her campaign emphasized the concept of "resistance". CUPE 905 members who wee taken aback by the situation said that after the October 7 atrocities committed by Hamas they are still awaiting any reference by her to the hostages taken by Hamas, on the terrorist attacks on Israeli civilians, much less steadily rising antisemitism in Canada. "I don't feel it's a safe place for Jewish people", a source stated.

 

A woman wears a keffiyeh during a rally in support of Palestinians. The scarf's ubiquity in anti-Israel protests since Hamas’s October 7 attacks has made it a divisive symbol for many of Israel’s supporters. Photo by Thomas Coex/AFP via Getty Images

A female participant at the meeting who was herself wearing a black keffiyeh pledged her support for the president's candidacy, elaborating at some length on the importance of Free Palestine and the history of the conflict, as she saw it. "I was silenced for this topic. She is being political. Why is she not being muted?" asked the union member who had protested and had been muted as a result. She was thereupon once again muted. 

Additional members of the union expressed their own feelings of frustration over a labour forum purportedly dedicated to public-sector workers in York Region being diverted by its president for personal political reasons, to focus on a conflict occurring thousands of miles distance from Canada. "It's so bad that  you can't even concentrate on labour because this is ongoing, all the time", another union member reported.

 

Grzejszczak’s pitch to members centres on the concept of “resistance.”

 

"What we did in the Ontario legislature was make sure that our Jewish members and our Jewish constituents feel safe and able to debate with merit rather than props [when the Speaker of the Legislature banned the keffiyeh's presence in the chamber]."

"I would suggest that, given the class action lawsuits that I've seen crop up against the province as a result of antisemitism in some of the unions, union leaders should be more cognizant of the harm that they may be doing to people's mental health."

Ontario MPP Lisa McLeod

Atrocity Alert: Sudan's Darfur Attacks Redux

"All under the false pretext of targeting rebels [government forces and Janjaweed militias began attacking non-Arab villages, burning entire villages, engaging in systematic killings, extensive rape and sexual violence]."

"These attacks were also designed to destroy these groups' [Ethnic Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa communities] means of survival and essential infrastructure."

"[The 153 states that have signed the Geneva Convention must] take immediate action to end any complicity in the form of support for the RSF [Rapid Support Forces] and use all means reasonable available to prevent and halt the genocide."

Report, Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights

Families escaping Ardamata in West Darfur cross into Adre, Chad, after a wave of ethnic violence, November 7, 2023. Survivors recounted executions and looting in Ardamata, which they said were carried out by RSF and allied Arab militias. 2023 REUTERS/El Tayeb Siddig

In Darfur, Sudan, 80 different tribes and ethnic groups live traditional lives as farmers and pastoralists. In the last number of decades, tensions have strained the non-Arab farming communities' relations between Arab herders. Land is at a premium, leaving the farmers and the herders at odds between grazing cattle and farming the land. Government bodies appointed by the Sudanese government in the mid-1980s favoured the rights of the Arab communities, leading to mass violence, when Arab herders attacked non-Arab, Black farming communities.

Primary groups targeted by the current situation, with the rebirth of mass killings, displacement, rape and land grabs are the Masalit, Fur, Zaghawa, Bargo, Tunjor and other non-Arab tribes in the West, South, North East, and Central Darfur States. Eventually non-Arab groups -- Masalit, Fur and Zaghawa -- responded by forming their own militias, the Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement, both labelled rebels by the government of Sudan. 

In the late 1980s and beyond fighting between the Arab and non-Arab communities intensified. Chaos reigned when President Omar al-Bashi aligned the country's military with the Janjaweed militia (Arab horsemen) who persecuted and conducted murderous raids on Darfur's farming communities. Between 2003 and 2005, 300,000 people were murdered and countless others were made homeless."Counter-insurgency" campaigns resulted between 2015 and 2016. By 2019 President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown after having been indicted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court.

The feared and hated Janjaweed since transformed into the Rapid Support Forces, now in conflict with the Sudanese Armed Forces in a power struggle. The conflict, seemingly ignored by a world bored with constant African Continent strife has caused 17.7 million people to face food insecurity, while another 25 million are left in need of humanitarian assistance. In a city in West Darfur, El Geneina, the RSF rounded up Masalit men for execution, where they were held in detention without food or water.

According to the UN Security Council Panel of Experts on the Sudan, between 10,000 and 15,000 people were killed in that attack. The Darfur Bar Association described the situation in El Geneina as a "full-scale genocide". The Raoul Wallenberg Centre report cited genocidal and dehumanizing language: Arab militiamen killing boys as young as six months, claiming "the boys will grow up and they will kill us. ... so we must destroy them now".

 

Bodies are strewn near houses in the West Darfur capital El Geneina, June 16, 2023. Up to 15,000 people were killed in the city last year in ethnic violence, according to a United Nations report seen by Reuters